Ingredient #28 + Research

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INCLUDING NEW RESEARCH INTO CORONAVIRUS SARS-COV-2

Scientific Evidence: Ingredient #28 - PIPERINE

SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 Research results

FOR SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE UPDATED TO JANUARY 2022, OBTAIN THE FOURTH EDITION OF 'AVD' (2022)

In Silico Investigation of Spice Molecules as Potent Inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 - Janmejaya Rout, Bikash Chandra Swain & Umakanta Tripathy - Indian Institute of Technology, Dhanbad (2020):

“This binding of these molecules will be helpful in inhibiting the replication of the viral proteins with specific hindrances upon their mutarotation. For both the viral targets, Piperine performed well with its highest binding affinity of -7.8 and -7.3 kcal/mol for SARS-CoV-2 Spro and Mpro, respectively. Hence, the study proposes Piperine as an active molecule for the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2. Since this study is performed computationally, therefore, it requires wet-lab experiments in-vivo as well as in-vitro for further validation.”

Scope of Phytotherapeutics in targeting ACE2 mediated Host-Viral Interface of SARS-CoV-2 that causes COVID-19 - Dhanasekaran Sivamaran & P.S. Pradeep - ChemRxiv (23 Apr. 2020):

“In our present investigation 28 lead molecules from well documented medicinal herbs were subjected to molecular docking analysis targeting ACE2 receptor and their potential of impeding host-viral interface were evaluated. Results of computational analysis signifies that out of 28 ligands nearly 11 bioactive lead molecules exhibit potential binding affinity of about 100% with the target amino acid residue (31 Lys and 353 Lys).”

Structure-based Drug Designing for Potential Antiviral Activity of Selected Natural Products from Ayurveda against SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein and its Cellular Receptor - Vimal K. Maurya, Swatantra Kumar, Anil K. Prasad, Madan L.B. Bhatt & Shailendra K. Saxena - VirusDisease (24 May 2020):

“Our study exhibited that curcumin, nimbin, withaferin A, piperine, mangiferin, thebaine, berberine, and andrographolide have significant binding affinity towards spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 receptor and may be useful as a therapeutic and/or prophylactic agent for restricting viral attachment to the host cells.”

Activity of Phytochemical Constituents of Black Pepper, Ginger, and Garlic against Coronavirus (COVID-19): An In Silico Approach - Kalirajan Rajagopal, Gowramma Byran, Srikanth Jupudi & R. Vadivelan - International Journal of Health and Allied Sciences (4 Jun. 2020):

“The chemical constituents from pepper such as Piperdardiine, Piperanine, and from ginger like 8-Gingerol, 10-Gingerol are significantly active against COVID-19 which are useful for further development.”

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To learn more about Ingredient #28 (Piperine) - and the 51 other dietary ingredients identified as exhibiting anti-viral and/or immune-enhancing properties - obtain a copy of the full report of AVD: The Anti-Viral Diet by pressing the button below:

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Earlier Scientific Evidence re: Piperine

Anti-Viral / Immune Supportive Research

Influence of Piperine on the Pharmacokinetics of Nevirapine under Fasting Conditions: A Randomised, Crossover, Placebo-controlled Study - Ravisekhar Kasibhatta & M.U.R Naidu - [Randomized Controlled Trial] Drugs in R&D (2007).

Anti-Viral, Anti-Inflammatory and Related Effects of a Food Supplement made of Garlic, Ginger and Black Pepper - Regi Jose & K.T. Augusti - Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry (Jan. 2010).

Black Pepper and Health Claims: A Comprehensive Treatise - M.S. Butt, I. Pasha, M.T. Sultan, M.A. Randhawa, F. Saeed & W. Ahmed - Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition (Jan. 2013):

“Black pepper (Piper Nigrum L.) is an important healthy food owing to its antioxidant, antimicrobial potential and gastro-protective modules. Black pepper, with piperine as an active ingredient, holds rich phytochemistry that also includes volatile oil, oleoresins, and alkaloids. More recently, cell-culture studies and animal modeling predicted the role of black pepper against number of maladies. The free-radical scavenging activity of black pepper and its active ingredients might be helpful in chemoprevention and controlling progression of tumor growth.”

Antiviral and Anti-Proliferative In Vitro Activities of Piperamides from Black Pepper - Christina Elisabeth Mair, Rongxia Liu, Atanas G. Atanasov & M. Schmidtke - Planta Medica (Dec. 2016).

Antiviral Activities and Cytotoxicity Assay of Seed Extracts of Piper Longum and Piper Nigrum on Human Cell Lines - Priya N.C. & P. Saravana Kumari - International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research (15 May 2017):

“Anti-viral activity of Piper nigrum in chloroform extract showed higher activity than Piper nigrum in methanolic extract against Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus and Human para-influenza virus on HeLa cell line. Piper longum in methanolic extract showed higher anti-viral activity than in chloroform extract against both viruses. Cytotoxicity assay of Piper longum treatment showed significant dose-dependent inhibition of growth of HeLa cells at IC50 values of 46.24, 33.43 and 38.49 µg/ml at 24, 48 and 72 hours of incubation respectively. Similarly, extract of Piper nigrum treatment also showed inhibition of growth of HeLa cells at IC50 values of 551.58, 24.18 and 17.47 µg/ml at 24, 48 and 72 hours of incubation respectively [...] These results suggest that both Piper longum and Piper nigrum have significant anti-viral and anti-cancer activity in HeLa cells.”

Antimalarial Activity of Piperine - Artitaya Thiengsusuk, Phunuch Muhamad, Wanna Chaijaroenkul & Kesara Na-Bang Chang - Journal of Tropical Medicine (2018).

Piperine - A Major Principle of Black Pepper: A Review of Its Bioactivity and Studies - Zorica Stojanovi-Radic, Milica Pejcic, Marina Dimitrijevic, Ana Aleksi, Nanjangud V. Anil Kumar, Bahare Salehi, William C. Cho & Javad Sharifi-Rad - applied sciences (12 Oct. 2019).

Piperine, an Alkaloid of Black Pepper Seeds can Effectively Inhibit the Antiviral Enzymes of Dengue and Ebola Viruses, an In Silico Molecular Docking Study - Anish Nag & Rajshree Roy Chowdhury - VirusDisease (5 Aug. 2020):

“Ebola and Dengue are the critical diseases caused by RNA viruses, especially in the tropical parts of the globe, including Asia and Africa, and no prominent therapeutic options are available so far. Here, an effort was made to evaluate the efficacy of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) alkaloid Piperine as a potential drug through computational docking simulation. Eight structurally essential proteins of Dengue and Ebola virus were selected as in silico docking targets for Piperine. Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion profile showed that Piperine was safe and possessed significant drug-like properties. Molecular dynamic simulation and binding free energy calculation showed that Piperine could inhibit Methyltransferase (PDB id 1L9K) of Dengue and VP35 Interferon Inhibitory Domain (PDB id 3FKE) of Ebola virus in comparison with the commercial antiviral Ribavirin. Furthermore, statistical analysis based on multivariate and clustering approaches revealed that Piperine had more affinity towards viral proteins than that of Ribavirin.”

Bibliographic Research Information provided courtesy of The Academy of the Third Millennium (A3M) 2020