Ingredient #1 + Research

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INCLUDING NEW RESEARCH INTO CORONAVIRUS SARS-COV-2

Scientific Evidence: Ingredient #1 - VITAMIN A

SARS-COV-2 / COVID-19 RESEARCH RESULTS

FOR SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE UPDATED TO JANUARY 2022, OBTAIN THE FOURTH EDITION OF 'AVD' (2022)

Potential Interventions for Novel Coronavirus in China: A Systematic Review - Lei Zhang & Yunhui Liu - Journal of Medical Virology (13 Feb. 2020):

“The effect of infection with infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), a kind of coronaviruses, was more pronounced in chickens fed a diet marginally deficient in vitamin A than in those fed a diet adequate in vitamin A. The mechanism by which vitamin A and retinoids inhibit measles replication is upregulating elements of the innate immune response in uninfected bystander cells, making them refractory to productive infection during subsequent rounds of viral replication. Therefore, vitamin A could be a promising option for the treatment of this novel coronavirus and the prevention of lung infection.”

Impact of Vitamins A, B, C, D, and E Supplementation on Improvement and Mortality Rate in ICU Patients with Coronavirus-19: A Structured Summary of a Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial - Mohammad Taghi Beigmohammadi, Sama Bitarafan, Azin Hoseindokht, Alireza Abdollahi, Laya Amoozadeh, Maedeh Mahmoodi Ali Abadi & Morteza Foroumandi - Trials (6 Jul. 2020):

“This study will evaluate the main hypothesis that supplementation with vitamins A, B, C, D, and E significantly improves the severity and mortality rate in ICU patients with COVID-19 [...] This study is a randomized, single-blinded, two-arm (1:1 ratio) parallel group clinical trial [...] We are conducting this study in patients with COVID-19 admitted to intensive care units at the Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex in Tehran, Iran.”

Effects of Micronutrients or Conditional Amino Acids on COVID-19-Related Outcomes: An Evidence Analysis Center Scoping Review - Mary Rozga, Feon W. Cheng, Lisa Moloney & Deepa Handu - Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (2020):

“In 3 studies, the authors reported a potential benefit of the intervention on outcomes: intramuscular cholecalciferol on mortality,19 intramuscular vitamin E on Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation score in patients with ARDS and zinc sulfate on the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia in ventilated patients in intensive care units.”

Enhancing Immunity in Viral Infections, with Special Emphasis on COVID-19: A Review - Ranil Jayawardena, Piumika Sooriyaarachchi, Michail Chourdakis, Chandima Jeewandara & Priyanga Ranasinghe - Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome (Jul-Aug. 2020):

“Vitamin A supplementation to infants has shown the potential to improve antibody response after some vaccines, including measles and anti-rabies vaccination (2.1 times). In addition an enhanced immune response to influenza virus vaccination has also been observed in children (2–8 years) who were vitamin A and D-insufficient at baseline, after supplementation with vitamin A and D.”

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To learn more about Ingredient #1 (Vitamin A) - and the 51 other dietary ingredients identified as exhibiting anti-viral and/or immune-enhancing properties - obtain a copy of the full report of AVD: The Anti-Viral Diet by pressing the button below:

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Earlier Scientific Evidence re: Vitamin A

Anti-Viral / Immune Supportive Research

Antipyretic and Antiviral Action of Vitamin A in Moloney Sarcoma Virus- and Poxvirus-Inoculated Mice - Eli Seifter, Giuseppe Rettura, Jacques Padawer, Achilles A. Demetriou & Stanley Levenson - Journal of the National Cancer Institute (Aug. 1976).

Vitamin A and Retinoids in Antiviral Responses - A.C. Ross & C.B. Stephenson - FASEB Journal (Jul. 1996):

“Vitamin A deficiency results in multiple derangements that impair the response to infection. This review focuses on experimental models of specific virus infections and on cytokines and cells with cytolytic activity important to antiviral defenses. Altered specific antibody responses and greater epithelial damage in vitamin A-deficient hosts are consistent findings.”

Vitamin A and Immune Function - Richard D. Semba - from Military Strategies for Sustainment of Nutrition and Immune Function in the Field (1999):

“Among the micronutrients, vitamin A plays a central role in normal immune function. In a comprehensive review of the literature, Scrimshaw et al. (1968) concluded ''no nutritional deficiency is more consistently synergistic with infectious disease than that of vitamin A.''

"Although conventionally it has been thought that the main clinical manifestations of vitamin A deficiency involve the eye (for example, night blindness and xerophthalmia), it is now well established that widespread immune alterations, anemia, and increased infectious disease morbidity and mortality occur during vitamin A deficiency.” [from Chapter 12]

Vitamin A, Infection and Immune Function - Charles B. Stephenson - Annual Review of Nutrition (Jul. 2001):

“Vitamin A deficiency impairs innate immunity by impeding normal regeneration of mucosal barriers damaged by infection, and by diminishing the function of neutrophils, macrophages, and natural killer cells. Vitamin A is also required for adaptive immunity and plays a role in the development of T both-helper (Th) cells and B-cells. In particular, vitamin A deficiency diminishes antibody-mediated responses directed by Th2 cells, although some aspects of Th1-mediated immunity are also diminished. These changes in mucosal epithelial regeneration and immune function presumably account for the increased mortality seen in vitamin A–deficient infants, young children, and pregnant women in many areas of the world today.”

Vitamin Effects on the Immune System : Vitamins A and D take Centre Stage - J. Rodrigo Mora, Makoto Iwata & Ulrich H. von Andrian - National Review of Immunology (20 Jul. 2010).

Role of Fat-Soluble Vitamins A and D in the Pathogenesis of Influenza: A New Perspective - Anthony R. Mawson - International Scholarly Research Notices (19 Jul. 2012).

Influence of Vitamin A Status on the Antiviral Immunity of Children with Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease - Siyuan Chen, Yi Yang, Xiufeng Yan, Jiande Chen, Hui Yu & Weiping Wang - Clinical Nutrition (Aug. 2012).

Vitamin A and the Immune System - A.C. Ross & K.H. Restori - from Diet, Immunity and Inflammation (2013).

Antiviral Effect of Vitamin A on Norovirus Infection via Modulation of the Gut Microbiome - Heetae Lee & Gwang Pyo Koa - Scientific Reports (16 May 2016).

New Perspectives regarding the Antiviral Effect of Vitamin A on Norovirus using Modulation of Gut Microbiota - Heetae Lee & Gwang Pyo Ko - Gut Microbes (3 Aug 2017).

Role of Vitamin A in the Immune System - Zhiyi Huang, Yu Liu, Guangying Qi, David Brand & Song Guo Zheng - Journal of Clinical Medicine (Sep. 2018).

Bibliographic Research Information provided courtesy of The Academy of the Third Millennium (A3M) 2021