Ingredient #52 + Research

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INCLUDING NEW RESEARCH INTO CORONAVIRUS SARS-COV-2

Scientific Evidence: Ingredient #52 - ANETHOLE

Significant Research results (2009-2014)

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Screening for Antiviral Activities of Isolated Compounds from Essential Oils - Akram Astani, Jürgen Reichling & Paul Schnitzler - Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (Dec. 2009).

Development of New Antiherpetic Drugs Based on Plant Compounds - Adil M. Allahverdiyev & Olga Nehir Oztel - Fighting Multidrug Resistance with Herbal Extracts, Essential Oils and Their Components (Jun. 2013).

Foeniculum Vulgare Mill : A Review of Its Botany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Contemporary Application, and Toxicology - Shamkant B. Badgujar, Vainav V. Patel & Atmaram H. Bandivdekar - Biomedical Research International (3 Aug. 2014):

“Findings based on their traditional uses and scientific evaluation indicates that Foeniculum vulgare remains to be the most widely used herbal plant. It has been used for more than forty types of disorders. Phytochemical studies have shown the presence of numerous valuable compounds, such as volatile compounds, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, fatty acids, and amino acids. Compiled data indicate their efficacy in several in vitro and in vivo pharmacological properties such as antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, antinociceptive, antipyretic, antispasmodic, antithrombotic, apoptotic, cardiovascular, chemomodulatory, antitumor, hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and memory enhancing property. Foeniculum vulgare has emerged as a good source of traditional medicine and it provides a noteworthy basis in pharmaceutical biology for the development/formulation of new drugs and future clinical uses.”

Anethole, a Medicinal Plant Compound, Decreases the Production of Pro-Inflammatory TNF-α and IL-1β in a Rat Model of LPS-Induced Periodontitis - Janet Moradi, Fatemeh Abbasipour, Jalal Zaringhalam, Bita Maleki, Narges Ziaee, Amin Khodadoustan & Mahyar Janahmadic - Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (Autumn 2014).

Evaluation of Immunomodulatory Activity of Transanethole and Estragole, and Protective Effect against Cyclophosphamide-induced Suppression of Immunity in Swiss Albino Mice - L.A.M. Wiirzler, F.M. de Souza Silva-Comar, Saulo Euclides Silva-Filho, Grosso do Sul & M.J.A. de Oliveira - International Journal of Applied Research in Natural Products (Jan. 2015):

“Our data showed that trans-anethole and estragole promote some changes in the immune system by reducing the delayed-type hypersensitivity response, and increasing the number of leucocytes in peripheral blood in mice. Also, we observed that trans-anethole improved the humoral response. Finally, these compounds promoted a protective effect against cyclophosphamide-induced suppression of immunity. In conclusion, we propose that the immunological effects exerted by trans-anethole and estragole are promising and merit further investigations.”

Review on the Pharmacological Activities of Anethole - Veselin Marinov & Stefka Valcheva-Kuzmanova - Scientific Online Resource System [Scripta Scientifica Pharmaceutica] (Nov. 2015):

“Anethole has potent antimicrobial properties, against bacteria, yeast and fungi. Both star anise essential oil and all isolated compounds exhibit antiHSV-1 activity by direct in- activation of free virus particles in viral suspension assays. Star anise oil reduced viral infectivity by >99%. An acetone extract of aniseed inhibited the growth of a range of bacteria including Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and also exhibited antifungal activity against Candida albicans and other organisms.”

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To learn more about Ingredient #52 (Anethole) - and the 51 other dietary ingredients identified as exhibiting anti-viral and/or immune-enhancing properties - obtain a copy of the full report of AVD: The Anti-Viral Diet by pressing the button below:

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Earlier Scientific Evidence re: Anethole

Anti-Viral / Immune Supportive Research (2015-2020)

Pimpinella Anisum and Illicium Verum: The Multifaceted Role of Anise Plants - Maria Gabriella Vecchio, Achal Gulati, Clara Minto & Giulia Lorenzoni - The Open Agriculture Journal (Aug. 2016).

Fennel Main Constituent, Trans-Anethole Treatment against LPS‑induced Acute Lung Injury by Regulation of Th17/Treg Function - Sichao Zhang, Xi Chen, Ichinkhorloo Devshilt, Qi Yun, Cong Huang, Lijun An, Sosorburam Dorjbat & Xin He - Molecular Medicine Reports (7 Jun. 2018).

Immunomodulatory Effect of Anise (Pimpinella Anisum) in BALB/c Mice - Mariam M Al-Omari, Arwa M Qaqish & Khaled M. Al-Qaoud - Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (Aug. 2018).

Anise (Pimpinella Anisum L.), a Dominant Spice and Traditional Medicinal Herb for both Food and Medicinal Purposes - Wenli Sun, Mohamad Hesam Shahrajabian & Qi Cheng | Sabrina Sabatin (Ed.) - Cogent Biology (9 Oct. 2019):

“Important compounds found in anise seed include estragol, p-anisaldehyde, anise alcohol, acetophenone, pinene, and limonene, but the most important volatile oil that gives the characteristic sweet, aromatic flavor to seeds is anethole. The recent studies have shown that anise seeds and essential oil have antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, gastro-protective, antidiabetic, and antiviral activities.”

Inhibitory Activity of Illicium Verum Extracts against Avian Viruses - Mohammed S. Alhajj, Mahmood A. Qasem & Saud I. Al-Mufarrej - Advances in Virology (25 Jan. 2020):

“The three extracts showed antiviral inhibitory activity against all tested viruses during simultaneous inoculation and pre-inoculation except 100MOH [absolute methanol extract] and 50MOH [50% methanol extract] that showed no effect against IBDV, thereby suggesting that the extracts have a preventive effect on CEF against viruses. During post-inoculation, the extracts exhibited inhibitory effects against NDV and avian reovirus, while no effect against IBDV recorded and only the 100MOH showed an inhibitory effect against ILTV. The initial results of this study suggest that Illicium verum may be a candidate for a natural alternative source for antiviral agents.”

Innate Immune Response against Staphylococcus Aureus Preincubated with Sub-Inhibitory Concentration of Trans-Anethole - Paweł Kwiatkowski, Bartosz Wojciuk, Iwona Wojciechowska-Koszko, Łukasz Łopusiewicz, Bartłomiej Grygorcewicz, Agata Pruss, Monika Sienkiewicz, Karol Fijałkowski, Edward Kowalczyk & Barbara Dołegowska - International Journal of Molecular Sciences (11 Jun. 2020):

“It was found that the presence of trans-anethole in the culture medium reduced the level of staphyloxanthin production, as well as decreased antioxidant activities. Furthermore, trans-anethole-treated cells were characterized by larger size and a tendency to diffuse in comparison to the non-treated cells. Several cell components, such as phospholipids and peptidoglycan, were found remarkably elevated in the cultures treated with trans-anethole. As a result of the aforementioned cellular changes, the bacteria were phagocytized by neutrophils more efficiently (ingestion and parameters associated with killing activity were at a higher level as compared to the control system). Additionally, IL-8 production was at a higher level for trans-anethole modified bacteria.”

Bibliographic Research Information provided courtesy of The Academy of the Third Millennium (A3M) 2020