Ingredient #49 + Research

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INCLUDING NEW RESEARCH INTO CORONAVIRUS SARS-COV-2

Scientific Evidence: Ingredient #49 - RESVERATROL

SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 Research results

FOR SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE UPDATED TO JANUARY 2022, OBTAIN THE FOURTH EDITION OF 'AVD' (2022)

Focus on Receptors for Coronaviruses With Special Reference to Angiotensin-converting Enzyme 2 as a Potential Drug Target: A Perspective - Thea Magrone, Manrico Magrone & Emilio Jirillo - Endocrine Metabolic Immune Disorders: Drug Targets (27 Apr. 2020):

“[I]n the SARS CoV 2, cells expressing ACE2 were not attacked by the virus, while cells lacking ACE2 were bound by the SARS CoV2 virus [53]. These findings suggest that also in the case of RES effects on COVID-19 infection, the dual role of ACE2 should be taken into serious consideration.”

Biological Plausibility for Interactions between Dietary Fat, Resveratrol, ACE2, and SARS-CoV Illness Severity - J.R. Horne & M.C. Vohl - American Journal of Physiology, Endocrinology and Metabolism (1 May 2020):

“Human studies are urgently needed to determine whether the proposed mechanism exists in a nonanimal model. If this proposed mechanism proves to be plausible in human studies, dietitians and other healthcare professionals could target dietary strategies with the aim of positively improving SARS-CoV illness severity in this current global COVID-19 pandemic.”

Stilbene-based Natural Compounds as Promising Drug Candidates against COVID-19 - H.M. Wahedi, S. Ahmad & S.W. Abbasi - Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics (12 May 2020):

“Based on the results, we report that stilbene based compounds in general and resveratrol, in particular, can be promising anti-COVID-19 drug candidates acting through disruption of the spike protein. Our findings in this study are promising and call for further in vitro and in vivo testing of stilbenoids, especially resveratrol against the COVID-19.”

Indomethacin and Resveratrol as Potential Treatment Adjuncts for SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 - Mark A. Marinella - International Journal of Clinical Practice (15 May 2020):

“Although there are no data for using resveratrol in humans infected with SARS CoV 2, the above studies demonstrate that this compound may be an adjunctive antiviral agent to consider, especially based on the data published by Linn et al showing activity against MERS CoV in vitro. Although dosing in humans is unknown, resveratrol is considered safe when taken at supplemental doses.”

May Polyphenols Have a Role Against Coronavirus Infection? An Overview of In Vitro Evidence - Giuseppe Annunziata, Marco Sanduzzi Zamparelli, Ciro Santoro, Roberto Ciampaglia, Mariano Stornaiuolo, Gian Carlo Tenore, Alessandro Sanduzzi & Ettore Novellino - Frontiers in Medicine (15 May 2020):

“Interestingly, a limited number of studies investigated the efficacy of polyphenols from different raw materials, directly against coronaviruses. The present manuscript aimed to report this evidence and provide a viewpoint on the possibility to use it as a start point for the development of novel natural approaches against this viral infection, eventually designing further appropriate researches.”

Therapeutic Potential of Resveratrol against Emerging Respiratory Viral Infections - S. Filardo, M. Di Pietro, P. Mastromarino & R. Sessa - Pharmacology and Therapeutics (17 Jun. 2020):

“Herein, we present an overview of the antiviral activity and potential mechanisms of resveratrol against the respiratory tract viruses considered as a public threat for their rapid transmission and high morbidity and mortality in the general population.”

New Intrigant Possibility for Prevention of Coronavirus Pneumonitis: Natural Purified Polyphenols - L. Lo Muzio, M.E. Bizzoca & G. Ravagnan - Oral Diseases (29 Jun. 2020).

COVID-19 and Heme Oxygenase: Novel Insight into the Disease and Potential Therapies - P.L. Hooper - Cell Stress Chaperones (29 Jun. 2020).

Resveratrol and Copper for Treatment of Severe COVID-19: An Observational Study (RESCU 002) - Indraneel Mittra, Rosemarie de Souza, Rakesh Bhadade, Tushar Madke, P.D. Shankpal, Mohan Joshi, Burhanuddin Qayyumi, Atanu Bhattacharya, Vikram Gota, Sudeep Gupta, Pankaj Chaturvedi & Rajendra Badwe - medRxiv (29 Jul 2020):

“The nearly two-fold reduction in mortality with resveratrol-copper observed in our study needs to be confirmed in a randomized controlled trial.”

Therapeutic Options for the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) - Guangdi Li & Erik De Clercq - Nature Reviews Drug Discovery (2020) [Resveratrol is in the list of compounds being officially researched, due to exhibiting some effectiveness against MERS.]

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Earlier Scientific Evidence re: Resveratrol

Anti-Viral / Immune Supportive Research

Effects of Resveratrol on Human Immune Cell Function - R. Falchetti, M.P. Fuggetta, G. Lanzilli, M. Tricarico & G. Ravagnan - Life Sciences (Nov. 2001).

Does Resveratrol Exhibit Antiviral Properties Against Cytomegalovirus Replication? - S.-P.A. Atreides, C. Wilkins, C.O. Ekworomadu, J.J. Docherty & R.D. Dix - Investigative Opthalmology and Visual Science (Dec. 2002).

Inhibition of Influenza A Virus Replication by Resveratrol - Anna T. Palamara, Lucia Nencioni, Katia Aquilano, Giovanna De Chiara, Leyanis Hernandez, Federico Cozzolino, Maria R. Ciriolo & Enrico Garaci - The Journal of Infectious Diseases (15 May 2005):

“We found that RV strongly inhibited the replication of influenza virus in MDCK cells but that this activity was not directly related to glutathione-mediated antioxidant activity. Rather, it involved the blockade of the nuclear-cytoplasmic translocation of viral ribonucleoproteins and reduced expression of late viral proteins seemingly related to the inhibition of protein kinase C activity and its dependent pathways. RV also significantly improved survival and decreased pulmo-nary viral titers in influenza virus-infected mice.”

Resveratrol exhibits a Strong Cytotoxic Activity in Cultured Cells and has an Antiviral Action against Polyomavirus: Potential Clinical Use - Valerio Berardi, Francesca Ricci, Mauro Castelli, Gaspare Galati & Gianfranco Risuleo - Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research (1 Jul. 2009):

“The results presented in this work demonstrate a clear, dose dependent cytotoxic and antiviral effect of resveratrol: cytotoxicity at high concentration of the drug both on normal and tumor cells. On the other hand at low concentration, the continuous presence in the culture medium is necessary for the drug to be effective. The target of RV is the replication of viral DNA; however further studies are required for the full elucidation of the inhibitory mechanism mediated by RV leading to the abrogation of the viral DNA synthesis.”

Antiviral Activity of Resveratrol - Michela Campagna & Carmen Rivas - Biochemical Society Transactions (Feb 2010).

Antiviral Activity of Resveratrol against Human and Animal Viruses - Yusuf Abba, Hasliza Hassim, Hazilawati Hamzah & Mohamed Mustapha Noordin - Advances in Virology (29 Nov. 2015):

“Resveratrol has shown a high antiviral potential that can be explored in both human and animal viral infections. Its main antiviral mechanisms were seen to be elicited through inhibition of viral protein synthesis, inhibition of various transcription and signaling pathways, and inhibition of viral related gene expressions. Even though there are still limitations on its bio-availability following intake, which is being widely studied, more studies should be focused on its direct use in the amelioration of viral infections in humans and companion animals.”

Effective Inhibition of MERS-CoV Infection by Resveratrol - Shih-Chao Lin, Chi-Tang Ho, Wen-Ho Chuo, Shiming Li, Tony T. Wang & Chi-Chen Lin - BMC (BioMed Central) Infectious Diseases (13 Feb. 2017):

“By consecutive administration of resveratrol, we were able to reduce the concentration of resveratrol while achieving inhibitory effectiveness against MERS-CoV.”

Antiviral Properties of Resveratrol against Pseudorabies Virus are associated with the Inhibition of IκB Kinase Activation - Xinghong Zhao, Qiankun Cui, Qiuting Fu, Xu Song, Renyong Jia, Yi Yang, Yuanfeng Zou, Lixia Li, Changliang He, Xiaoxia Liang, Lizi Yin, Juchun Lin, Gang Ye, Gang Shu, Ling Zhao, Fei Shi, Cheng Lv & Zhongqiong Yin - Scientific Reports (18 Aug. 2017):

“Our results demonstrated that Res effectively inhibited the decreasing of cell viability induced by PRV [Pseudorabies Virus] infection in a dose-dependent manner. These results are similar to the research on antiviral activities of Res against African swine fever virus, Influenza A Virus, herpes simplex virus and human immunodeficiency virus-11, 11, 22, 23. The antiviral activity of Res was also determined by detecting viral titres. PRV production in the presence of Res was significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner.”

The Therapeutic Potential of Resveratrol: a Review of Clinical Trials - Adi Y. Berman, Rachel A. Motechin, Maia Y. Wiesenfeld & Marina K. Holz - Nature Research Journal (NRJ) Precision Oncology (25 Sep 2017).

Effect of Resveratrol Dry Suspension on Immune Function of Piglets - Qiuting Fu, Qiankun Cui, Yi Yang, Xinghong Zhao, Xu Song, Guangxi Wang, Lu Bai, Shufan Chen, Ye Tian, Yuanfeng Zou, Lixia Li, Guizhou Yue et alia - Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine: Special Issue Natural Foods from Plant Sources in Preventing Nontransmissible Diseases (2 Jan. 2018).

Resveratrol: A Double-Edged Sword in Health Benefits - Bahare Salehi, Abhay Prakash Mishra, Manisha Nigam, Bilge Sener, Mehtap Kilic, Mehdi Sharifi-Rad, Patrick Valere Tsouh Fokou, Natália Martins & Javad Sharifi-Rad - Biomedicines (Sep. 2018).

Is Resveratrol a Cancer Immunomodulatory Molecule? - Quoc Trung & Dao T.T. An - Frontiers in Pharmacology (6 Nov. 2018).

Influence of Resveratrol on the Immune Response - L. Malaguarnera - nutrients (26 Apr. 2019):

“[A]t low doses resveratrol stimulates the immune system, whereas at high doses it induces immunosuppression. Its effect as an immunomodulator has been demonstrated in various animal models and in different cell lines.”

Antibacterial and Antifungal Properties of Resveratrol - Martin Vestergaard & Hanne Ingmer - International Journal of Anti-microbial Agents (Jun. 2019).

Bibliographic Research Information provided courtesy of The Academy of the Third Millennium (A3M) 2020