Ingredient #46 + Research

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INCLUDING NEW RESEARCH INTO CORONAVIRUS SARS-COV-2

Scientific Evidence: Ingredient #46 - OLIVE LEAF & OIL

SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 Research results

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Potential Inhibitor of COVID-19 Main Protease (Mpro) from Several Medicinal Plant Compounds by Molecular Docking Study - Siti Khaerunnisa, Hendra Kurniawan, Rizki Awaluddin, Suhartati Suhartati & Soetjipto Soetjipto - PrePrints (13 Mar. 2020).

“Therefore, nelfinavir and lopinavir may represent potential treatment options, and kaempferol, quercetin, luteolin-7-glucoside, demethoxycurcumin, naringenin, apigenin-7-glucoside, oleuropein, curcumin, catechin, and epicatechin-gallate appeared to have the best potential to act as COVID-19 Mpro inhibitors. However, further research is necessary to investigate their potential medicinal use.”

Natural Products' Role against COVID-19 - Ananda da Silva Antonio, Larissa Silveira Moreira Wiedemann & Valdir Florêncio Veiga-Junior - Royal Society of Chemistry Advances (19 Jun. 2020).

“Bioactivities of natural products have been widely applied in pharmaceutical industry and ethnobotany, such as inflammation, cancer, oxidative process and viral infections. Several antiviral bioproducts have already been described by the activity against Dengue virus, Coronavirus, Enterovirus, Hepatitis B, Influenza virus and HIV. Thus, bioproducts could be friends in the fight against SARS-CoV-2, through enabling the development of specific chemotherapies to COVID-19.” [Support for scientific testing of any natural chemical as anti-viral]

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Earlier Scientific Evidence re: Olive Leaf & Oil

Anti-Viral / Immune Supportive Research

Olive Oil and Immune System Functions: Potential Involvement in Immunonutrition - Manuel A. de Pablo & M. Angeles Puertollano - Grasas y Aceites [Fats and Oils] (Mar. 2004).

The Olive Leaf Extract exhibits Antiviral Activity against Viral Haemorrhagic Septicaemia Rhabdovirus (VHSV) - V. Micol, N. Caturla, L. Pérez-Fons, V. Más, L. Pérez & A. Estepa - Anti-Viral Research (18 Apr.2005):

“[B]oth the LExt [Leaf Extract] and Ole [Oleuropein] were able to inhibit cell-to-cell membrane fusion induced by VHSV in uninfected cells, suggesting interactions with viral envelope. Therefore, we propose that O. europaea could be used as a potential source of promising natural antivirals, which have demonstrated to lack impact on health and environment. In addition, Ole could be used to design other related antiviral agents.”

The Anti-Influenza Virus Activity of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Olive Leaves - Ali Akbar Nekooeian, Afagh Moatari & Mohammad Motamedifard - Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Jan. 2006):

“OLHE [hydroalcholic extract of olive leaves] added one hour after incubation of the virus with cell did not show antiviral effects. OLHE incubated with the virus for one hour, and then added to the cell line did have antiviral activity (1 to 1000 μg/ml). The findings indicate that antiviral activity of OLHE occurred extra-cellularly, probably by changing the properties of membrane of the virus, rather than that of the cell, to prevent the virus from attaching and penetrating the cell line.”

The In Vitro Immunomodulatory Activity of Oleuropein, a Secoiridoid Glycoside from Olea Europaea L. - Andrew Mangion Randon & Everaldo Attard - Natural Product Communications (5 Jan. 2007).

Significance of Olive Oil in the Host Immune Resistance to Infection - Puertollano M.A., Puertollano E., Alvarez de Cienfuegos G. & de Pablo M.A. - British Journal of Nutrition (1 Oct. 2007).

Olive Oil, the Immune System and Infection [Article in Spanish] - M.A. Puertollano, E. Puertollano, G. Alvarez de Cienfuegos & M.A. de Pablo Martínez - Nutricion Hospitalaria (8 Feb.2010):

“Based on these criteria, we corroborate that olive oil administration may exert beneficial effects on the human health and especially on immune system, because it contributes to the reduction of typical inflammatory activity observed in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders, but without exacerbating the susceptibility to pathogen agents. The administration of olive oil in lipid emulsions may exert beneficial effects on the health and particularly on the immune system of immunocompromised patients. Therefore, this fact acquires a crucial importance in clinical nutrition. This review contributes to clarify the interaction between the administration of diets containing olive oil and immune system, as well as to determine the effect promoted by this essential component of Mediterranean diet in the immunomodulation against an infectious agent.”

Oleuropein in Olive and its Pharmacological Effects - Syed Haris Omar - Scientia Pharmaceutica (23 Apr. 2010).

Effects of the Olive-Derived Polyphenol Oleuropein on Human Health - Barbara Barbaro, Gabriele Toietta, Roberta Maggio, Mario Arciello, Mirko Tarocchi, Andrea Galli & Clara Balsano - International Journal of Molecular Science (14 Oct. 2014).

Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology of Olea Europaea (Olive) - Muhammad Ali Hashmi, Afsar Khan, Muhammad Hanif, Umar Farooq & Shagufta Perveen - Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (23 Feb. 2015).

Antiviral Effects of Olea Europaea Leaves Extract and Interferon-beta on Gene Expression of Newcastle Disease Virus - Rajaa Hindi Salih, Shony Mechail Odisho, Ahmed Majeed Al-Shammari & Orooba Mohammed Saeed Ibrahim - Advances in Animal and Veterinary Science (15 Oct. 2015):

“Many studies have shown that OLE [Oleuropein] possesses a strong antioxidative activity but this property does not seem directly related to its antiviral effect. The results indicate that O. europaea crude extract can be considered as a potential source of anti-Newcastle virus agent by its effect on viral gene expression. The effects are comparable with IFN-β which is known antiviral cytokine of the host.”

Olive Leaf Extracts Act as Modulators of the Human Immune Response - T. Magrone, A. Spagnoletta, R. Salvatore, M. Magrone, F. Dentamaro, M.A. Russo, G. Difonzo, C. Summo, F. Caponio & E. Jirillo - Endocrine, Metabolic and Immune Disorders Drug Targets (1 Jan. 2018):

“OLEs [Olive Leaf Extracts], and mostly extract A [resuspended in water], are able to in vitro modify healthy human immune response by increasing IFN-γ production which seems to be associated to the higher absolute numbers of CD8+ and NK cells and this may suggest a reinforcement of the anti-tumor activity. Furthermore, increased levels of NO may indicate the potential cardioprotective effects exerted by OLEs in virtue of their vasodilation dependent activity. Finally, OLEs are able to maintain the equilibrium between T regulatory cells and Th17 cells as evidenced by unmodified levels of interleukin (IL)-IL-10 and IL-17, respectively.”

The Effect of Olive Leaf Extract on Upper Respiratory Illness in High School Athletes: A Randomised Control Trial - Vaughan Somerville, Rachel Moore & Andrea Braakhuis - nutrients (9 Feb. 2019).

Bibliographic Research Information provided courtesy of The Academy of the Third Millennium (A3M) 2020