Ingredient #38 + Research

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INCLUDING NEW RESEARCH INTO CORONAVIRUS SARS-COV-2

Scientific Evidence: Ingredient #38 - DANDELION & BURDOCK

SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 Research results

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Cytokine Storm in COVID‐19 and Parthenolide: Preclinical Evidence - Mohsen Bahrami, Mohammad Kamalinejad, Seied Amirhossein Latifi, Farhad Seif & Majid Dadmehr - Phytotherapy Research (30 May 2020):

“Parthenolide is the principal sesquiterpene lactones and the main biologically active constituent Tanacetum parthenium (commonly known as feverfew) which has could significantly reduce IL‐1, IL‐2, IL‐6, IL‐8, and TNF‐α production pathways established in several human cell line models in vitro and in vivo studies. Therefore, parthenolide may be one of the herbal candidates for clinical evaluation.” [Both Dandelion and Burdock contain a bioactive Parthenolide.]

Parthenolide: Suggested Drug for COVID-19 - M. Nemati, F. Danesh Pouya, E. Roshani Asl & Y. Rami - Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity (2020):

"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) that causes acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) which is the main reason for patients mortality. One of the effective treatments to reduce the effects of this virus is parthenolide (PN). Parthenolide is a sesquiterpene lactone found in medicinal plants. It can inhibit several pro-inflammatory signaling pathways, in particular the ATPase activity of NLRP3. Based on its ability to suppress inflammatory signal transduction and elevated level of serum IL-1β (a surrogate marker for NLRP3 activation) in COVID-19 patients, we suggest that PN could be potentially effective for the treatment of COVID-19."

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Earlier Scientific Evidence re: Dandelion & Burdock

Anti-Viral / Immune Supportive Research

Effect of Water Extracts from Root of Taraxacum Officinale on Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses in Mice - Taek Joon Yoon - The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition (Jan. 2008):

“Hot-water and cold-water extracts of Taraxacum officinale root were assessed for the effects of innate and adaptive immune responses in mice. Hot water extracts (TO-100) and cold water extracts (TO-4) did not affect the viability of macrophages at concentrations below to 18 mg/ml and 8 mg/ml, respectively. The thioglycollate-induced macrophages cultured with TO-100 and TO-4 produced a significantly higher quantity of various cytokines, such as IL-6 and IL-12, than those treated with medium. This shows that the extracts potently stimulated the innate immune response.”

A Review of the Pharmacological Effects of Arctium Lappa (Burdock) - Yuk-Shing Chan, Long-Ni Cheng, Jian-Hong Wu, Enoch Chan, Yiu-Wa Kwan, Simon Ming-Yuen Lee, George Pak-Heng Leung, Peter Hoi-Fu Yu & Shun-Wan Chan - Inflammopharmacology (28 Oct. 2010).

Anti-Influenza Virus Effect of Aqueous Extracts from Dandelion - W. He, H. Han, W. Wang & B. Gao - Virology Journal (14 Dec. 2011):

“The antiviral activity of dandelion extracts indicates that a component or components of these extracts possess anti-influenza virus properties. Mechanisms of reduction of viral growth in MDCK or A549 cells by dandelion involve inhibition on virus replication.”

The Effect of Taraxacum officinale Hydroalcoholic Extract on Blood Cells in Mice - Mehrdad Modaresi & Narges Resalatpour - Advances in Hematology (12 Jul. 2012).

Diverse Biological Activities of Dandelion - Marta González‐Castejón, Francesco Visioli & Arantxa Rodriguez Casado - Nutrition Reviews (17 Aug. 2012):

“Dandelion and its parts are habitually consumed as plant foods in several areas of the world, where they are also employed in phytotherapy. Indeed, dandelion contains a wide array of phytochemicals whose biological activities are actively being explored in various areas of human health. In particular, emerging evidence suggests that dandelion and its constituents have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities that result in diverse biological effects.”

Taraxacum Mongolicum Extract exhibits a Protective Effect on Hepatocytes and an Antiviral Effect against Hepatitis B Virus in Animal and Human Cells - Yuan-Yuan Jia, Rong-Fa Guan, Yi-Hang Wu, Xiao-Ping Yu, Wen-Yan Lin, Yong-Yong Zhang, Tao Liu, Jun Zhao, Shu-Yun Shi & Yu Zhao -Molecular Medicine Reports (29 Jan. 2014).

Therapeutic Potential of Taraxacum Officinale against HCV NS5B Polymerase: In Vitro and In Silico Study - Sidra Rehman, Bushra Ijaz Nighat Fatima, Syed Aun Muhammad & Sheikh Riazuddin - Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy (Oct. 2016):

“HCV NS5B polymerase as name indicates plays key role in viral genome replication. On the basis of which NS5B gene is targeted for determining antiviral role of T. officinale extract and 65% inhibition of NS5B expression was documented at nontoxic dose concentration (200 μg/ml) using Real-time PCR. In addition, 57% inhibition of HCV replication was recorded when incubating Huh-7 cells with high titer serum of HCV infected patients along with leaves extract. [...] Results of our study strongly revealed that T. officinale leaves extract potentially blocked the viral replication and NS5B gene expression without posing any toxic effect on normal fibroblast cells of body.”

In Vitro Schistosomicidal and Antiviral Activities of Arctium Lappa L. (Asteraceae) against Schistosoma Mansoni and Herpes Simplex Virus-1 - Mirna Meana Dias, Ohana Zuza, Lorena R. Riani, Priscila de Faria Pinto, Pedro Luiz Silva Pinto, Marcos P. Silva, Josué de Moraes, Ana Caroline Z. Ataíde, Fernanda de Oliveira Silva, Alzira Batista Cecílio & Ademar A. Da Silva Filho - Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy (3 Aug. 2017).

Comparison of the Immunomodulatory Properties of Root and Leaves of Arctium Lappa (Burdock) In Vitro - Hasan Namdar, Morteza Behnamfar, Maryam Nezafat Firizi & Sahar Saghayan - Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences (28 Oct. 2017):

“The roots and leaves of Arctium lappa (burdock) have been used for different therapeutic purposes, especially for diseases linked to chronic inflammation. [...] The present study was designed to evaluate and compare the immunomodulatory activities of root extract of burdock and leaves extract of burdock in vitro. [...] Although both root and leaves extract of burdock had similar immunomodulatory effects in vitro, stronger immunomodulatory effects seen in root extract of burdock. [...] [W]e suggest that root of burdock is better option than leaves of burdock in modulation immune responses and inflammations.”

Immunomodulatory and Antimicrobial Effects of Selected Herbs on Laying Hens - Mirta Balenović, Vladimir Savić, Zlatko Janječić, Maja Popović, Borka Šimpraga, Klaudija Carović-Stanko, Dalibor Bedeković & Tajana Amšel Zelenika - Veterinarski Arhiv [Veterinary Archive] (2018).

Overview of the Anti-Inflammatory Effects, Pharmacokinetic Properties and Clinical Efficacies of Arctigenin and Arctiin from Arctium Lappa L - Qiong Gao, Mengbi Yang & Zhong Zuo - Acta Pharmacologica Sinica (1 Jul. 2018).

Taraxacum Officinale and Urtica Dioica Extracts inhibit Dengue Virus Serotype 2 Replication In Vitro - María R. Flores-Ocelotl, Nora H. Rosas-Murrieta, Diego A. Moreno, Verónica Vallejo-Ruiz, Julio Reyes-Leyva, Fabiola Domínguez & Gerardo Santos-López - BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine (16 Mar. 2018).

Effect of Dandelion Root Extract on Growth Performance, Immune Function and Bacterial Community in Weaned Pigs - Jinbiao Zhao, Gang Zhang, Xingjian Zhou, Wenxuan Dong, Qiuyun Wang, Chuanming Xiao & Shuai Zhang - Food and Agricultural Immunology (Jan. 2019).

Therapeutic Value of Arctium Lappa Linn. - A Review - Gowher Guna - Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research (28 May 2019).

Bibliographic Research Information provided courtesy of The Academy of the Third Millennium (A3M) 2020