Ingredient #37 + Research

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INCLUDING NEW RESEARCH INTO CORONAVIRUS SARS-COV-2

Scientific Evidence: Ingredient #37 - CAT'S CLAW

SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 Research results

FOR SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE UPDATED TO JANUARY 2022, OBTAIN THE FOURTH EDITION OF 'AVD' (2022)

Phytotherapic Compounds against Coronaviruses: Possible Streams for Future Research - Michele Antonelli, Davide Donelli, Valentina Maggini & Fabio Firenzuoli - Phytotherapy Research (30 Apr. 2020):

“These findings can be used to expand the list of plant based products to be considered eligible for future experiments. It might be also useful to test whether there are herbal compounds capable of reducing the period during which an infected subject remains contagious for limiting the disease spread. Additionally, phytotherapy can have an important role in the prevention and/or management of adverse effects of conventional drugs.” [This general comment applies to all of the plant-based products included in this study]

Investigating Potential Inhibitory Effect of Uncaria Tomentosa (Cat's Claw) against the Main Protease 3CLPro of SARS-CoV-2 by Molecular Modeling - Andres F. Yepes-Pérez, Oscar Herrera-Calderon, José-Emilio Sánchez-Aparicio, Laura Tiessler-Sala, Jean-Didier Maréchal & Wilson Cardona-G. - PrePrints (28 Jun. 2020):

“A multilevel computational study was carried out to evaluate the potential antiviral properties of the components of the medicinal herb Uncaria tomentosa (Cat's claw), focusing on the inhibition of Mpro. The in silico approach starts with protein-ligand docking of 26 Cat's claw key components, followed by ligand pathway calculations, molecular dynamics simulations, and MM-GBSA calculation of the free energy of binding for the best docked candidates. The structural bio-informatics approaches led to the identification of three bioactive compounds of Uncaria tomentosa (Speciophylline, Cadambine and Proanthocyanidin B2) with potential therapeutic effects by strong interaction with 3CL-pro. Additionally, in silico drug-likeness indices for these components were calculated and show good predicted therapeutic profiles of these phytochemicals. Our findings suggest the potential effectiveness of Cat's claw as complementary and/or alternative medicine for COVID-19 treatment.”

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Earlier Scientific Evidence re: Cat's Claw

Anti-Viral / Immune Supportive Research

Antioxidant Activity of the Extract from Uncaria Tomentosa - E.A. Ostrakhovich, E.V. Mikhal'chik, N.V. Getmanskaya & A.D. Durnev - Medicinal Plants [Pharmaceutical Chemistry] (Jun. 1997).

Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Activities of Cat's Claw (Uncaria Tomentosa and Uncaria Guianensis) are Independent of their Alkaloid Content - M. Sandova, N.N. Okuhama, X.J. Zhang, L.A. Condezo, J. Lao, F.M. Angeles, R.A. Musah, P. Bobrowski & M.J.S. Miller - Phytomedicine (2002).

Immunomodulating and Antiviral Activities of Uncaria Tomentosa on Human Monocytes infected with Dengue Virus-2 - S.R. Reis, L.M. Valente, A.L. Sampaio, A.C. Siani, M. Gandini, E.L. Azeredo, L.A. D'Avila, J.L. Mazzei, M. Henriques & C.F. Kubelka - International Immunopharmacology (26 Dec. 2007):

“Here we assessed the immunoregulatory and antiviral activities from U. tomentosa-derived samples, which were tested in an in vitro DENV infection model. DENV-2 infected human monocytes were incubated with U. tomentosa hydro-alcoholic extract or either its pentacyclic oxindole alkaloid-enriched or non-alkaloid fractions. The antiviral activity was determined by viral antigen (DENV-Ag) detection in monocytes by flow cytometry. Our results demonstrated an in vitro inhibitory activity by both extract and alkaloidal fraction, reducing DENV-Ag+ cell rates in treated monocytes. [...] The antiviral and immunomodulating in vitro effects from U. tomentosa pentacyclic oxindole alkaloids displayed novel properties regarding therapeutic procedures in Dengue Fever and might be further investigated as a promising candidate for clinical application.”

Antimutagenic and Antiherpetic Activities of Different Preparations from Uncaria Tomentosa (Cat's Claw) - T. Caon, S. Kaiser, C. Feltrin, A. de Carvalho, T.C. Sincero, G.G. Ortega & C.M. Simões - Food and Chemical Toxicology (18 Jan. 2014):

“The antiherpetic activity from the samples under investigation seemed to be associated with the presence of polyphenols or their synergistic effect with oxindole alkaloids or quinovic acid glycosides, once both purified fractions did not present activity when evaluated alone. Inhibition of viral attachment in the host cells was the main mechanism of antiviral activity. Although both purified fractions displayed the lowest antimutagenic activity in pre and simultaneous treatment, they provided a similar effect to that of cat's claw hydroethanolic extract in post-treatment. Given that purified fractions may result in a reduced antiherpetic activity, the use of cat's claw hydroethanolic extract from barks should be prioritized in order to obtain a synergistic effect.”

Association of Various Concentrations of Cat's Claw Herb (Uncaria Tomentosa) on Lymphocyte Proliferation and Nitric Oxide Expression: An In Vitro Study of Osteoarthritis - Noha Fadlalddin - University of Iowa (2017):

“The herb is being used to treat osteoarthritis and claims have been made for its ability to: enhance the repair of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), support joint health and improve immune function, enable normal division of cells, and, thus, prevent proliferation of cancer. Various studies have illustrated impacts on: cell death, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS gene) expression induced by lipopolysaccharide, the activation of TNFα, and NFkB, the formation of nitrates, and also the production of hormone prostaglandin (PGE2) (Hardin, 2007; Sandoval et al., 2000; & Valerio & Gonzales, 2005). In this study, its impact on lymphocytes (immunity) and potential long-term use implications to osteoarthritis are explored. [...] Given the small sample size of this study and trends in the data, larger samples exploring the full panel of both pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines associated with osteoarthritis should be conducted.”

The Cat’s Claw, a Miracle Cure from the Jungle - Edgar Gärtner - European Scientist (23 Apr. 2018):

“Its antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral effects have proven particularly effective in combating persistent infections such as Lyme disease, Candida, Epstein-Barr (glandular fever), herpes, bladder infections, hepatitis, prostatitis, gastritis and Crohn’s disease.”

Antioxidant Activity of an Aqueous Leaf Extract from Uncaria Tomentosa and its Major Alkaloids Mitraphylline and Isomitraphylline in Caenorhabditis Elegans - Bruna Cestari de Azevedo, Mariana Roxo, Marcos De Carvalho Borges & Herbenya Peixoto - Molecules (Sep. 2019).

Uncaria Tomentosa (Willd. ex Schult.) DC.: A Review on Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities - Gaber El-Saber Batiha, Amany Magdy Beshbishy, Lamiaa Wasef, Yaser H.A. Elewa, Mohamed E. Abd El-Hack, Ayman E. Taha, Adham Abdullah Al-Sagheer, Hari Prasad Devkota & Vincenzo Tufarelli - Applied Sciences (13 Apr. 2020):

“The typical and recommended dose of U. tomentosa is one gram given two to three times daily.A standardized extract attributed to speciﬁc chemotype of this species consisting of less than 0.5%oxindole alkaloids and 8% to 10% carboxy alkyl esters has been used in doses of 250 to 300 mg in several clinical studies [68,69]. In rats, it was determined that the average lethal dose for a single dose of water extract from U. tomentosa is higher than 8 g/kg. In humans, no toxic symptoms were noticed with frequent administration of 350 mg/day for 6 successive weeks. Tinctures, decoctions, capsules, extracts, and teas are recently prepared from the cat’s claw.”

Bibliographic Research Information provided courtesy of The Academy of the Third Millennium (A3M) 2020