Ingredient #35 + Research

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INCLUDING NEW RESEARCH INTO CORONAVIRUS SARS-COV-2

Scientific Evidence: Ingredient #35 - ASTRAGALUS

SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 Research results

FOR SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE UPDATED TO JANUARY 2022, OBTAIN THE FOURTH EDITION OF 'AVD' (2022)

Can Chinese Medicine Be Used for Prevention of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)? A Review of Historical Classics, Research Evidence and Current Prevention Programs - Hui Luo, Qiao-Ling Tang, Ya-Xi Shang, Shi-Bing Liang, Ming Yang, Nicola Robinson & Jian-Ping Liu - Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine (17 Feb. 2020):

“Based on historical records and human evidence of SARS and H1N1 influenza prevention, Chinese herbal formula could be an alternative approach for prevention of COVID-19 in high-risk population. Prospective, rigorous population studies are warranted to confirm the potential preventive effect of CM [Chinese Medicine].”

Herbal Medicine for the Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials - Lin Ang, Eunhye Song, Hye Won Lee & Myeong Soo Lee - Journal of Clinical Medicine (23 May 2020):

“No serious adverse events were reported. Conclusion: Significant effects of the combined therapy of herbal medicine with Western medicine were found, and revealed the potential role of herbal medicine in treating COVID-19. More high-quality RCTs are needed to further validate the effectiveness and adverse events of herbal medicine in the treatment of COVID-19." [Applies to other ingredients proposed in 'AVD' also.]

Analysis on Herbal Medicines utilized for Treatment of COVID-19 - Lu Luo, Jingwen Jiang, Cheng Wang, Martin Fitzgerald, Weifeng Hu, Yumei Zhou, Hui Zhang & Shilin Chen - Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (Jul. 2020):

“This study utilized both individual herbal medicines and their respective formulae for COVID-19 in China, and proposed new formulae based on our conclusions. The authors hope that this can aid new drug exploration and clinical trial selection for the control and prevention of COVID-19 in the wider global research community.”

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To learn more about Ingredient #35 (Astragalus) - and the 51 other dietary ingredients identified as exhibiting anti-viral and/or immune-enhancing properties - obtain a copy of the full report of AVD: The Anti-Viral Diet by pressing the button below:

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Earlier Scientific Evidence re: Astragalus

Anti-Viral / Immune Supportive Research

Immune System Effects of Echinacea, Ginseng, and Astragalus: A Review - K.I. Block & M.N. Mead - Integrative Cancer Therapies (Sep. 2003).

Effects of Astragalus Polysaccharide on Immune Responses of Porcine PBMC Stimulated with PRRSV or CSFV - Zeng-Yu Zhuge, Yao-Hong Zhu, Pan-Qi Liu, Xiao-Dong Yan, Yuan Yue, Xiao-Gang Weng, Rong Zhang & Jiu-Feng Wang - PLoS One (9 Jan. 2012).

Astragalus Embranaceus Extract activates Immune Response in Macrophages via Heparanase - Q. Qin, J. Niu, Z. Wang, W. Xu, Z. Qiao, Y. Gu - Molecules (13 Jun. 2012).

Astragalus Polysaccharide Protects Astrocytes from Being Infected by HSV-1 through TLR3/NF-κB Signaling Pathway - Lihong Shi, Fengling Yin, Xiangui Xin, Shumei Mao, Pingping Hu, Chunzhen Zhao & Xiuning Sun - Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (26 Jun. 2014).

Oral Astragalus (Huang Qi) for preventing Frequent Episodes of Acute Respiratory Tract Infection in Children - G. Su, X. Chen, Z. Liu, L. Yang, L. Zhang, C. Stålsby Lundborg, Z. Wen, X. Guo, X. Qin, J. Liang & X. Liu - Cochrane (1 Dec. 2016).

chTLR4 Pathway Activation by Astragalus Polysaccharide in Bursa of Fabricius - Ruili Zhang, Qun Yu, Guangliang Shi, Rui Liu, Weiqian Zhang, Xia Zhao, Guangxing Li & Ming Ge - BMC Veterinary Research (2 May 2017).

Potential Source for HSV-1 Therapy by Acting on Virus or the Susceptibility of Host - Wen Li, Xiao-Hua Wang, Zhuo Luo, Li-Fang Liu, Chang Yan, Chang-Yu Yan, Guo-Dong Chen, Hao Gao, Wen-Jun Duan, Hiroshi Kurihara, Yi-Fang Li & Rong-Rong He - International Journal of Molecular Science (20 Oct. 2018):

“Similarly, astragalus polysaccharide (APS, 33), the most immunoreactive substance extracted from Astragalus, are commonly used in immune related diseases. Lately, the antiviral effect of APS was detected in astrocytes infected by HSV-1. Research uncovered that APS could not inhibit the virus directly, but instead it protected astrocytes by promoting immunological function, such as markedly increasing the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin6 (IL-6), Toll-like receptor (TLR3), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) provoked by HSV1.”

Extraction, Structure, and Pharmacological Activities of Astragalus Polysaccharides - Jia Wang, Junying Jia, Li Song, Xue Gong, Jianping Xu, Min Yang & Minhui Li - Applied Sciences (Dec. 2018):

“Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) are important bioactive components of Astragali Radix, the dry root of Astragalus membranaceus, which has been used in traditional Chinese medicine. [...] [T]he pharmacological activities and mechanisms of action of APS are summarized, with a special focus on its immunoregulatory, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral effects.”

Antiviral, Embryo Toxic and Cytotoxic Activities of Astragalus Membranaceus Root Extracts - H.M. Khan, S.M. Raza, A.A. Anjum & M.A. Ali - Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Jan. 2019):

“Antiviral activity of Astragalus membranaceus aqueous and methanol root extracts was determined against Avian influenza H9 virus. [...] It was concluded that aqueous and methanol roots extracts of A. membranaceus have antiviral activity and concentrations which were safe may be used for treatment of Avian influenza H9 virus infections.”

Immunomodulatory Effects of a New Whole Ingredients Extract from Astragalus: a Combined Evaluation on Chemistry and Pharmacology - Zhi Xin Li, Guan Ding Zhao, Wei Xiong, Ke Gang Linghu, Qiu Shuo Ma, Wai San Cheang, Hua Yu & Yitao Wang - Chinese Medicine (27 Mar. 2019).

Astragalus Membranaceus Treatment Protects Raw 264.7 Cells from Influenza Virus by Regulating G1 Phase and the TLR3-Mediated Signaling Pathway - Yuxi Liang, Qiuyan Zhang, Linjing Zhang, Rufeng Wang, Xiaoying Xu & Xiuhua Hu - Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (31 Dec. 2019).

Immunomodulatory Effects of a New Whole Ingredients Extract from Astragalus: A Combined Evaluation on Chemistry and Pharmacology - Li, Z. Xin.; Zhao, G. Ding.; Xiong, W.; Linghu, K. Gang.; Ma, Q. Shuo.; Cheang, W. San.; Yu, H. & Wang, Y. - Chinese Medicine (31 Dec. 2019).

A Review of the Pharmacological Action of Astragalus Polysaccharide - Yijun Zheng, Weiyu Ren, Lina Zhang, Yuemei Zhang, Dongling Liu & Yongqi Liu - Frontiers in Pharmacology (24 Mar. 2020).

A Review: Natural Polysaccharides from Medicinal Plants and Micro-organisms and their Anti-Herpetic Mechanism - Zi-hao Liu, Feng-ju Niu, Ya-xin Xie, Shi-min Xie, Ying-nan Liu, Ying-ying Yang, Chang-zheng Zhou & Xin-huan Wan - Bio-medicine & Pharmacotherapy (Sep. 2020).

Bibliographic Research Information provided courtesy of The Academy of the Third Millennium (A3M) 2020