Ingredient #18 + Research

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INCLUDING NEW RESEARCH INTO CORONAVIRUS SARS-COV-2

Scientific Evidence: Ingredient #18 - QUERCETIN

SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 Research (2020)

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Potential Interventions for Novel Coronavirus in China: A Systematic Review - Lei Zhang & Yunhui Liu - Journal of Medical Virology (13 Feb. 2020):

“Jo et al had suggested that the anti‐coronavirus activity of some flavonoids (Herbacetin, rhoifolin and pectolinarin) was due to the inhibition of 3C‐like protease (3CLpro). Other flavonoids (Herbacetin, isobavachalcone, quercetin 3-β-d glucoside, and helichrysetin) were also found to be able to block the enzymatic activity of MERS‐CoV/3CLpro. Moreover, Ryu et al had reported that bioflavonoids from Torreya nucifera also brought inhibition effect of SARS‐CoV/3CL (pro).”

Effect of Quercetin on Prophylaxis and Treatment of COVID-19 - Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital - ClinicalTrials.gov (May 6, 2020):

“Novel Coronavirus is defined to be the cause of COVID-19, recently. It's known that COVID-19 goes with excessive immune reaction of human body in severe cases. Quercetin is reported to be effective on treatment and prophylaxis of other SARS like coronavirus infections, as a strong antioxidant and scavenger flavonoid without any adverse events. Upon this data, the investigators hypothesize that quercetin can be effective on both prophylaxis and treatment of COVID-19 cases. Therefore, the aim of this study to evaluate the possible role of quercetin on prophylaxis and treatment of COVID-19.”

Tripartite Combination of Potential Pandemic Mitigation Agents: Vitamin D, Quercetin, and Estradiol manifest Properties of Candidate Medicinal Agents for Mitigation of the Severity of Pandemic COVID-19 defined by Genomics-guided Tracing of SARS-CoV-2 Targets in Human Cells - Gennadi Glinsky - ChemRxiv (13 May 2020):

“Observations reported in this contribution are intended to facilitate follow-up targeted experimental studies and, if warranted, randomized clinical trials to identify and validate therapeutically-viable interventions to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, gene expression profiles of Vitamin D and Quercetin activities and their established safety records as over-the-counter medicinal substances strongly argue that they may represent viable candidates for further considerations of their potential utility as COVID-19 pandemic mitigation agents.”

Quercetin and Vitamin C: An Experimental, Synergistic Therapy for the Prevention and Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Related Disease (COVID-19) - Ruben Manuel Luciano Colunga Biancatelli, Max Berrill, John D. Catravas & Paul E. Marik - Frontiers in Immunology (19 Jun. 2020):

“Quercetin displays a broad range of antiviral properties which can interfere at multiple steps of pathogen virulence-virus entry, virus replication, protein assembly - and that these therapeutic effects can be augmented by the co-administration of vitamin C. Furthermore, due to their lack of severe side effects and low-costs, we strongly suggest the combined administration of these two compounds for both the prophylaxis and the early treatment of respiratory tract infections, especially including COVID-19 patients.”

The Effect of Quercetin on the Prevention or Treatment of COVID-19 and Other Respiratory Tract Infections in Humans: A Rapid Review - Monique Aucoin, Kieran Cooley, Paul Richard Saunders, Valentina Cardozo, Daniella Remy, Holger Cramer, Carlos Neyre Abad & Nicole Hannan - Advances in Integrative Medicine (30 Jul. 2020):

“Quercetin exhibits both immunomodulatory and antimicrobial effects in preclinical studies; however, only three human clinical trials, each with a low risk of bias rating, were identified in this rapid review. One study reported a decrease in incidence of upper respiratory tract infections following a competitive athletic event. A larger community clinical trial reported a benefit in older, athletic adults only.”

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Earlier Scientific Evidence re: Quercetin

Anti-Viral / Immune Supportive Research

Effect of Flavonoids and Related Substances. II. Antiviral Effect of Quercetin, Dihydroquercetin and Dihydrofisetin - M. Bakay, I. Mucsi, I. Béládi & M. Gábor - Journal Acta Microbiologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae (1 Dec. 1968).

Antiviral Effect of Flavonoids on Human Viruses - Kaul T.N., Middleton E. Jr & Ogra P.L. - Journal of Medical Virology (Jan. 1985):

“The effect of several naturally occurring dietary flavonoids including quercetin, naringin, hesperetin, and catechin on the infectivity and replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), polio-virus type 1, parainfluenza virus type 3 (Pf-3), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was studied in vitro in cell culture monolayers employing the technique of viral plaque reduction. Quercetin caused a concentration-dependent reduction in the infectivity of each virus. In addition, it reduced intracellular replication of each virus when monolayers were infected and subsequently cultured in medium containing quercetin. Preincubation of tissue culture cell monolayers with quercetin did not affect the ability of the viruses to infect or replicate in the tissue culture monolayers.”

Quercetin: A Promising Treatment for the Common Cold - Brenton Kinker, Adam T. Comstock & Uma S Sajjan - Journal of Infectious Diseases & Preventive Medicine (24 May 2014).

Quercetin as an Antiviral Agent Inhibits Influenza A Virus (IAV) - Wenjiao Wu, Richan Li, Xianglian Li, Jian He, Shibo Jiang, Shuwen Liu & Jie Yang - Viruses (25 Dec. 2015):

“Here we found that quercetin inhibited influenza infection with a wide spectrum of strains [...] Mechanism studies identified that quercetin showed interaction with the HA2 subunit. Moreover, quercetin could inhibit the entry of the H5N1 virus using the pseudovirus-based drug screening system. This study indicates that quercetin showing inhibitory activity in the early stage of influenza infection provides a future therapeutic option to develop effective, safe and affordable natural products for the treatment and prophylaxis of IAV infections.”

Effect of Quercetin on Hepatitis C Virus Life Cycle: From Viral to Host Targets - Ángela Rojas, Jose A. Del Campo, Sophie Clement, Matthieu Lemasson, Marta García-Valdecasas, Antonio Gil-Gómez, Isidora Ranchal, Birke Bartosch, Juan D. Bautista, Arielle R. Rosenberg, Francesco Negro & Manuel Romero-Gómez - Scientific Reports (22 Aug. 2016).

Prophylactic Efficacy of Quercetin 3-β-O-d-Glucoside against Ebola Virus Infection - Xiangguo Qiu, Andrea Kroeker, Shihua He, Robert Kozak, Jonathan Audet, Majambu Mbikay & Michel Chrétien - Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (22 Aug. 2016).

Antiviral Activity of Quercetin-3-β-O-D-Glucoside against Zika Virus Infection - Gary Wong, Shihua He, Vinayakumar Siragam, Yuhai Bi, Majambu Mbikay, Michel Chretien & Xiangguo Qiu - Virologica Sinica (5 Sep. 2017).

Inhibition of Enterovirus 71 Replication and Viral 3C Protease by Quercetin - Chenguang Yao, Caili Xi, Kanghong Hu, Wa Gao, Xiaofeng Cai, Jinlan Qin, Shiyun Lv, Canghao Du & Yanhong Wei - Virology Journal (31 Jul. 2018).

Bibliographic Research Information provided courtesy of The Academy of the Third Millennium (A3M) 2020