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Scientific Evidence: Ingredient #17 - L-CARNITINE
SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 Research results
FOR SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE UPDATED TO JANUARY 2022, OBTAIN THE FOURTH EDITION OF 'AVD' (2022)
L-Carnitine can Extinguish the COVID19 Fire: A Review on Molecular Aspects - Mohammad Fakhrolmobasheri, Hossein Khanahmad, Mohammad Javad Kahlani, Amir Abbas Shiravi, Seyedeh Ghazal Shahrokh & Mehrdad Zeinalian - zenodo (4 Apr. 2020):
“In this review, some protective aspects of L. Carnitine (LC) have been addressed. In COVID 19, renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is upregulated, and the NF-κB pathway is over-expressed. Moreover, a progressive cytokine storm is establish-ed. In all of these pathogenic processes, LC could play a modifier role to improve the condition. LC could be beneficial against the antioxidant effects of Angiotensin II by inhibition of NF-κB and down-regulation of NOX1 and NOX2. An anti-apoptotic and genome-stabilizer function has been determined for LC through inhibition of pro-apoptotic caspases and activation of PARP-1. LC is an immunomodulator that downregulates the pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1 which could quench the cytokine storm. LC also can act as a protective agent against the cardiotoxicity caused in COVID 19 because of the disturbance in the ACE2-mediated signaling pathway, cytokine storm, pulmonary dysfunction, and drug side-effects. Given the potential protective effects of LC, it is suggested as a supportive and therapeutic option in the patients with coronavirus infection.”
“Given the fact that currently, there is no definitive medication for the treatment of Coronavirus patients, and considering the progressive course of the disease which starts with a limited involvement of the lungs, leading to progressive Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in the advanced cases, it is expected that the supplementation of patients with L-Carnitine in primary stages of the disease could prevent the deterioration of overall health and the fatal complications of the virus.”
Potential Interventions for Novel Coronavirus in China: A Systematic Review - Lei Zhang & Yunhui Liu - Journal of Medical Virology (13 Feb. 2020):
“In this review, we summarize all the potential interventions for COVID‐19 infection according to previous treatments of SARS and MERS. We have found that the general treatments are very important to enhance host immune response against RNA viral infection. The immune response has often been shown to be weakened by inadequate nutrition in many model systems as well as in human studies.”
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To learn more about Ingredient #17 (L-Carnitine) - and the 51 other dietary ingredients identified as exhibiting anti-viral and/or immune-enhancing properties - obtain a copy of the full report of AVD: The Anti-Viral Diet by pressing the button below:
Earlier Scientific Evidence re: L-Carnitine
Anti-Viral / Immune Supportive Research
Vitamins and Immunity: II. Influence of L-Carnitine on the Immune System - C. De Simone, M. Ferrari, A. Lozzi, D. Meli, D. Ricca & F. Sorice - Acta Vitaminologica et Enzymologica (1982):
“[T]he authors report their results on the influence of L-carnitine on the immune system. L-carnitine increases the proliferative responses of both murine and human lymphocyte following mitogenic stimulation and increase polymorphonuclear chemotaxis. Furthermore, L-carnitine, even at minimal concentrations, neutralizes the lipid induced immunosuppression.”
L-Carnitine: a Partner between Immune Response and Lipid Metabolism? - Giuseppe Famularo, Sonia Tzantzoglou, Gino Santini, Vito Trinchieri, Sonia Moretti, Aleardo Koverech & Claudio De Simone - Mediators of Inflammation: Supplement (1 Aug. 1993).
Carnitine and Derivatives in Experimental Infections - Nicola M. Kouttab, Linda L. Gallo, Dwayne Ford, Chris Galanos & Michael Chirigos - from Carnitine Today (1997).
Effect of Dietary L-Carnitine Supplementation on Performance and Immune system of Broiler Chickens - Golzar Adabi Sh., Rahimi Sh. & Moghadam Gh. A. - Journal of Agricultural Science [Univ. of Tabriz] (2006).
Carcass Traits and Immune Response of Broiler Chickens Fed Dietary L-Carnitine, Coenzyme Q10 and Ractopamine - H. Asadi, A.A. Sadeghi, N. Eila & M. Aminafshar - Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science (Oct-Dec. 2006).
Effects of Dietary L-Carnitine and Coenzyme Q10 at Different Supplemental Ages on Growth Performance and some Immune Response in Ascites-susceptible Broilers - Ailian Geng, Baoming Li & Yuming Guo - Archives of Animal Nutrition (19 Feb. 2007).
Role of L-Carnitine in the Modulation of Immune Response in Aged Rats - Thilakavathy Thangasamy, Marimuthu Subathra, Sivanandane Sittadjody, Preethi Jeyakumar, Antony George Joyee, Erin Mendoza & Panneerselvam Chinnakkanu - Clinica Chimica Acta: International Journal of Clinical Chemistry (28 Nov. 2007).
L-Carnitine, a Diet Component and Organic Cation Transporter OCTN Ligand, displays Immunosuppressive Properties and Abrogates Intestinal Inflammation - G. Fortin, K. Yurchenko, C. Collette, M. Rubio, A.‐C. Villani, A. Bitton, M. Sarfati & D. Franchimont - Clinical & Experimental Immunology (11 Mar. 2009).
L-Carnitine and its Functional Effects in Poultry Nutrition - Sh. Golzar Adabi, R.G. Cooper, N. Ceylan & M. Corduk - World's Poultry Science Journal (Jun. 2011).
Anti-Adipogenic and Antiviral Effects of L-Carnitine on Hepatitis C Virus Infection - Yoko Tsukuda, Goki Suda, Seiji Tsunematsu, Jun Ito, Fumiyuki Sato, Katsumi Terashita, Masato Nakai, Takuya Sho, Osamu Maehara, Tomoe Shimazaki, Megumi Kimura, Kenichi Morikawa, Mitsuteru Natsuizaka, Koji Ogawa, Shunsuke Ohnishi, Makoto Chuma & Naoya Sakamoto - Journal of Medical Virology (3 Oct. 2016):
“l-carnitine exhibited anti-HCV activity, possibly by inhibiting HCV assembly and through its anti-adipogenic activity in HCV-infected cells. Moreover, l-carnitine has antioxidant properties in HCV-infected hepatocytes. Overall, these results indicated that l-carnitine may be an effective adjunctive agent in antiviral therapies to treat chronic hepatitis C.”
Effects of Dietary L-Carnitine and Fat Type on the Performance, Milk Composition and Immunoglobulin in Sows, and Immunological Variables of Sows and Piglets during Late Gestation and Lactation - M. Tian, N. Wang, G. Su, B. Shi & A. Shan - Czech Journal of Animal Science (2017).
Screening of Melatonin, α-Tocopherol, Folic Acid, Acetyl-L-Carnitine and Resveratrol for anti-Dengue 2 Virus Activity - A. Paemanee, A. Hitakarun, S. Roytrakul & D.R. Smith - BMC Research Notes (16 May 2018).
Effects of Dietary Supplementation of L-Carnitine and Excess Lysine-Methionine on Growth Performance, Carcass Charac-teristics, and Immunity Markers of Broiler Chicken - Seyed Mohammad Ghoreyshi, Besma Omri, Raja Chalghoumi, Mehrdad Bouyeh, Alireza Seidavi, Mohammad Dadashbeiki, Massimo Lucarini, Alessandra Durazzo, Rene van den Hoven & Antonello Santini - animals (16 Jun. 2019).
Effect of Coenzyme Q10 and L-Carnitine on Growth Performance, Physical and Chemical Blood Indices, Antioxidant Status and Immune Response of Newborn Egyptian Buffalo Calves - A.A. Gabr - Egyptian Journal of Nutrition and Feeds (2020).
Bibliographic Research Information provided courtesy of The Academy of the Third Millennium (A3M) 2020
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