Ingredient #14 + Research

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INCLUDING NEW RESEARCH INTO CORONAVIRUS SARS-COV-2

Scientific Evidence: Ingredient #14 - ALPHA-LIPOIC ACID

SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 Research results

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Potential Interventions for Novel Coronavirus in China: A Systematic Review - Lei Zhang & Yunhui Liu - Journal of Medical Virology (13 Feb. 2020):

“The addition of α-lipoic acid to G6PD‐knockdown cells could attenuate the increased susceptibility to human coronavirus 229E infection. Interestingly, Baur et al. also found that α‐lipoic acid was effective to inhibit the replication of HIV 1. In summary, we speculate that ALA could be also used as an optional therapy for this new virus.”

A Randomized, Single-blind, Group Sequential, Active-controlled Study to Evaluate the Clinical Efficacy and Safety of α-Lipoic Acid for Critically Ill Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) - Ming Zhong, Aijun Sun, Ting Xiao, Ge Yao, Ling Sang, Xia Zheng, Jinyan Zhang, Xuejuan Jin, Lei Xu, Wenlong Yang, Peng Wang, Kai Hu, Dingyu Zhang & Junbo Ge - medRxiv (21 Apr. 2020):

“The 30-day all-cause mortality tended to be lower in the ALA group (3/8, 37.5%) compared to that in the placebo group (7/9, 77.8%, P=0.09). Conclusion: In our study, ALA use is associated with lower SOFA score increase and lower 30-day all-cause mortality as compared with the placebo group.”

Three Novel Prevention, Diagnostic, and Treatment Options for COVID-19 Urgently Necessitating Controlled Randomized Trials - Richard I. Horowitz & Phyllis R. Freeman - Medical Hypotheses (22 May 2020):

“A randomized controlled trial of blocking NF-κB and cyto-kine formation using glutathione precursors (N-acetyl-cysteine [NAC] and alpha lipoic acid) and PO/IV glutathione with associated anti-viral effects should be performed, along with an evaluation of Nrf2 activators (curcumin, sulforaphane glucosinolate) which have been scientifically proven to lower inflammation.” [Alpha-Lipoic Acid is among those agents being recommended for randomized clinical trials.]

Alpha-Lipoic Acid may protect Patients with Diabetes against COVID-19 Infection - Erkan Cure & Medine Cumhur Cure - Medical Hypotheses (Oct. 2020):

“As the intracellular pH increases, the entry of the virus into the cell decreases. ALA can increase human host defense against SARS-CoV-2 by increasing intracellular pH. ALA treatment increases antioxidant levels and reduces oxidative stress. Thus, ALA may strengthen the human host defense against SARS-CoV-2 and can play a vital role in the treatment of patients with critically ill COVID-19.”

Efficacy of Glutathione Therapy in relieving Dyspnea associated with COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Report of 2 Cases - Richard I. Horowitz, Phyllis R. Freeman & James Bruzzese - Respiratory Medicine Case Reports (2020):

“Infection with COVID-19 potentially can result in severe outcomes and death from "cytokine storm syndrome", resulting in novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) with severe dyspnea, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), fulminant myocarditis and multiorgan dysfunction with or without disseminated intravascular coagulation. No published treatment to date has been shown to adequately control the inflammation and respiratory symptoms associated with COVID-19, apart from oxygen therapy and assisted ventilation. We evaluated the effects of using high dose oral and/or IV glutathione in the treatment of 2 patients with dyspnea secondary to COVID-19 pneumonia.”

“Conclusion: Oral and IV glutathione, glutathione precursors (N-acetyl-cysteine) and alpha lipoic acid may represent a novel treatment approach for blocking NF-κB and addressing “cytokine storm syndrome” and respiratory distress in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.”

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Earlier Scientific Evidence re: Alpha-Lipoic Acid

Anti-Viral / Immune Supportive Research

Alpha-Lipoic Acid is an Effective Inhibitor of Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus (HIV-1) Replication - A. Baur, T. Harrer, M. Peukert, G. Jahn, J.R. Kalden & B. Fleckenstein - Klinische Wochenschrift [Clinical Weekly] (Oct. 1991):

“Alpha-lipoic acid, a naturally occurring disulfide-compound that acts as a cellular coenzyme, inhibits replication of HIV-1 in cultured lymphoid T-cells. Alpha-lipoic acid was added 16 hours after infection of the T-cell lines Jurkat, SupT1 and Molt-4 with HTLV IIIB and HIV-1 Wal (a wild type HIV-1 isolate). We observed a dose dependent inhibition of HIV-1-replication in CPE (Cytopathic effect) formation, reverse transcriptase activity and plaque formation on CD4-transformed HeLa-cells. An over 90% reduction of reverse transcriptase activity could be achieved with 70 micrograms alpha-lipoic acid/ml, a complete reduction of plaque-forming units at concentrations of greater than or equal to 35 micrograms alpha-lipoic acid/ml.”

Antiviral and Immunomodulatory Properties of New Pro-Glutathione (GSH) Molecules - A. Fraternale, M.F. Paoletti, A. Casabianca, J. Oiry, P. Clayette, J.-U. Vogel, J. Jr. Cinatl, A.T. Palamara, R. Sgarbanti, E. Garaci, E. Millo, U. Benatti & M. Magnani - Current Medicinal Chemistry (2006):

“Many antioxidant molecules, such as GSH and N-acetylcysteine (NAC), have been demonstrated to inhibit in vitro and in vivo viral replication through different mechanisms of action. [...] This review discusses the capacity of some new molecules with potent pro-GSH effects either to exert significant antiviral activity or to augment GSH intracellular content in macrophages.”

Ethacrynic and α-Lipoic Acids inhibit Vaccinia Virus Late Gene Expression - Martina Spisakova, Zdenek Cizek & Zora Melkova - Antiviral Research (Feb. 2009).

The Natural Antioxidant Lipoic Acid (LA) alters Immune Cell Function: Implications for Multiple Sclerosis (50.3) - Sonemany Salinthone, Robynn V. Schillace, Vijayshree Yadav, Gail Marracci, Dennis Bourdette & Daniel W. Carr - The Journal of Immunology (1 Apr. 2009).

Inhibition Effect of Alpha-Lipoic Acid on the Propagation of Influenza A Virus in MDCK Cells - S.-W. Bai, Cuiying Chen, Jun Ji & Q.-M. Xie - Pakistan Veterinary Journal (Jan. 2012).

Effects of Lipoic Acid on Immune Function, the Antioxidant Defense System, and Inflammation-Related Genes Expression of Broiler Chickens Fed Aflatoxin Contaminated Diets - Yan Li, Qiu-Gang Ma, Li-Hong Zhao, Hua Wei, Guo-Xiang Duan, Jian-Yun Zhang & Cheng Ji - International Journal of Molecular Science (Apr. 2014).

Garlic and Alpha Lipoic Supplementation enhance the Immune System of Albino Rats and alleviate Implications of Pesticides Mixtures - M.A. Elhalwagy, N.S. Darwish, D.A. Shokry, A.G. El-Aal, S.H. Abd-Alrahman, A.A. Nahas & R.M. Ziada - International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (15 May 2015).

Effects of Dietary Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and Alpha-Lipoic Acid Supplementation on the Antioxidant Defense System and Immune-related Gene Expression in Broilers exposed to Oxidative Stress by Dexamethasone - H.K. El-Senousey, B. Chen, J.Y. Wang, A.M. Atta, F.R. Mohamed & Q.H. Nie - Immunology, Health and Disease (Jan. 2018).

Bibliographic Research Information provided courtesy of The Academy of the Third Millennium (A3M) 2020