Ingredient #5 + Research

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INCLUDING NEW RESEARCH INTO CORONAVIRUS SARS-COV-2

Scientific Evidence: Ingredient #5 - VITAMIN E

SARS-COV-2 / COVID-19 RESEARCH RESULTS

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Potential Interventions for Novel Coronavirus in China: A Systematic Review - Lei Zhang & Yunhui Liu - Journal of Medical Virology (13 Feb. 2020):

“Vitamin E deficiency had been reported to intensify the myocardial injury of coxsackievirus B3 (a kind of RNA viruses) infection in mice and increased the virulence of coxsackievirus B3 in mice due to vitamin E or selenium deficiency. In addition, the decreased vitamin E and D status in calves also caused the infection of bovine coronavirus.”

Impact of Vitamins A, B, C, D, and E Supplementation on Improvement and Mortality Rate in ICU Patients with Coronavirus-19: A Structured Summary of a Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial - Mohammad Taghi Beigmohammadi, Sama Bitarafan, Azin Hoseindokht, Alireza Abdollahi, Laya Amoozadeh, Maedeh Mahmoodi Ali Abadi & Morteza Foroumandi - Trials (6 Jul. 2020):

“This study will evaluate the main hypothesis that supplementation with vitamins A, B, C, D, and E significantly improves the severity and mortality rate in ICU patients with COVID-19 [...] This study is a randomized, single-blinded, two-arm (1:1 ratio) parallel group clinical trial [...] We are conducting this study in patients with COVID-19 admitted to intensive care units at the Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex in Tehran, Iran.”

Effects of Micronutrients or Conditional Amino Acids on COVID-19-Related Outcomes: An Evidence Analysis Center Scoping Review - Mary Rozga, Feon W. Cheng, Lisa Moloney & Deepa Handu - Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (2020):

“In 3 studies, the authors reported a potential benefit of the intervention on outcomes: intramuscular cholecalciferol on mortality, intramuscular vitamin E on Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation score in patients with ARDS and zinc sulfate on the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia in ventilated patients in intensive care units.”

Immune-Boosting Role of Vitamins D, C, E, Zinc, Selenium and Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Could They Help Against COVID-19? - Hira Shakoor, Jack Feehan, Ayesha S. Al Dhaheri, Habiba I. Ali, Carine Platat, Leila Cheikh Ismail, Vasso Apostolopoulos & Lily Stojanovska - Maturitas (Jan. 2021):

“To support immune function during COVID-19 disease higher dietary intakes of vitamins D, C and E, zinc and omega-3 fatty acids could be beneficial. It is worth noting however, that much of the evidence surrounding the use of these nutrients in COVID-19 patients, utilize doses too high to come solely from diet. Supplementation with higher doses of these nutrients during COVID-19 infection, have shown positive outcomes, and given their low risk profile are a sensible addition to patient care.”

Enhancing Immunity in Viral Infections, with Special Emphasis on COVID-19: A Review - Ranil Jayawardena, Piumika Sooriyaarachchi, Michail Chourdakis, Chandima Jeewandara & Priyanga Ranasinghe - Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome (Jul-Aug. 2020):

“However positive effects of vitamin E have been observed in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B in a small pilot RCT, where a significantly higher normalization of liver enzymes and HBV-DNA negativization, was observed in the vitamin E group. Similar results have been observed in a RCT in the paediatric population, where vitamin E treatment resulted in a higher anti-HBe seroconversion and virological response.”

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To learn more about Ingredient #5 (Vitamin E) - and the 51 other dietary ingredients identified as exhibiting anti-viral and/or immune-enhancing properties - obtain a copy of the full report of AVD: The Anti-Viral Diet by pressing the button below:

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Earlier Scientific Evidence re: Vitamin E

Anti-Viral / Immune Supportive Research

Vitamin E and Human Immune Functions - Adrianne Bendich - Nutrition and Immunology (1993):

“Vitamin E is the major lipid-soluble antioxidant in the human body and as such, is critical for the optimal functioning of all cells, including those of the immune system (Machlin, 1991). Several recent reviews have focused on the importance of vitamin E in the generation of in vitro lymphocyte, macrophage, and neutrophil responses (Carpenter, 1986; Boxer, 1990). Studies in laboratory and production animals have consistently shown that vitamin E deficiency results in increased rates of infection and mortality whereas higher-than-recommended intakes enhance overall immunity, including tumor immunity (Scott, 1980; Bendich, 1990a; Tengerdy, 1990).”

Vitamin E, Vitamin C, and Exercise - William J. Evans - The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (1 Aug. 2000).

Vitamin E and Immunity - S. Moriguchi & M. Muraga - Vitamins and Hormones (2000):

“In vitamin E deficiency most of the immune parameters show a downward trend, which is associated with increased infectious diseases and the incidence of tumors. In contrast, vitamin E supplementation has various beneficial effects on the host immune system. The decreased cellular immunity with aging or during the development of AIDS is markedly improved by the intake of a high vitamin E diet.”

Vitamin E Supplementation Improves Cell-Mediated Immunity and Oxidative Stress of Asian Men and Women - Chung-Yung Lee & J. Man-Fan Wan - The Journal of Nutrition (Dec. 2000).

Selenium and Vitamin E Status: Impact on Viral Pathogenicity - M.A. Beck - Journal of Nutrition (May 2007):

“Recent work has demonstrated that deficiencies in either Se or vitamin E result in increased viral pathogenicity and altered immune responses. Furthermore, deficiencies in either Se or vitamin E results in specific viral mutations, changing relatively benign viruses into virulent ones. Thus, host nutritional status should be considered a driving force for the emergence of new viral strains or newly pathogenic strains of known viruses.”

Vitamin E and Immunity - Didem Pekmezci - from Vitamins & Hormones (2011).

Vitamin E and Influenza Virus Infection - Milka Mileva & Angel S. Galabov - from Vitamin E in Health and Disease (Oct. 2018):

“Among the antioxidants tested against influenza virus infections in mice, α-tocopherol (Vitamin E) occupies the leading position. This is because of its efficacy in preventing oxidative damage through its free-radical scavenging activity.”

The Role of Vitamin E in Immunity - Ga Young Lee & Sung Nim Han - nutrients (1 Nov. 2018).

Effects of Dietary Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and alpha-Lipoic Acid Supplementation on the Antioxidant Defense System and Immune-related Gene Expression in Broilers exposed to Oxidative Stress by Dexamethasone - H.K. El-Senousey, B. Chen, J.Y. Wang, A.M. Atta, F.R. Mohamed & Q.H. Nie - Immunology, Health and Disease (Jan. 2018).

Regulatory Role of Vitamin E in the Immune System and Inflammation - E.D. Lewis, S.N. Meydani & D. Wu - IUBMB Life (30 Nov. 2018).

Bibliographic Research Information provided courtesy of The Academy of the Third Millennium (A3M) 2020