Ingredient #2 + Research

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INCLUDING NEW RESEARCH INTO CORONAVIRUS SARS-COV-2

Scientific Evidence: Ingredient #2 - VITAMIN B

SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 Research results

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Potential Interventions for Novel Coronavirus in China: A Systematic Review - Lei Zhang & Yunhui Liu - Journal of Medical Virology (13 Feb. 2020):

“Moreover, vitamin B3 treatment significantly inhibited neutrophil infiltration into the lungs with a strong anti‐inflammatory effect during ventilator‐induced lung injury. However, it also paradoxically led to the development of significant hypoxemia. Vitamin B6 is also needed in protein metabolism and it participates in over 100 reactions in body tissues. In addition, it also plays important role in body immune function as well. As shortage of B vitamins may weaken host immune response, they should be supplemented to the virus‐infected patients to enhance their immune system. Therefore, B vitamins could be chosen as a basic option for the treatment of COVID 19.”

COVID-19: is there a Role for Immunonutrition, particularly in the Over 65s? - Emma Derbyshire & Joanne Delange - BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health (16 Apr. 2020):

“However, a number of scientific reviews and research publications have been published focusing on the role of diet and specific nutrients in the immune system, some of which have focused on respiratory viral infections. Here we discuss some of the main findings. One recent review identified that an array of micronutrients are required to meet the complex needs of the immune system, including vitamins A, D, C, E, B6, B12, folate, copper, iron, zinc and selenium, with many of these having potential synergistic relationships.”

Impact of Vitamins A, B, C, D, and E Supplementation on Improvement and Mortality Rate in ICU Patients with Coronavirus-19: A Structured Summary of a Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial - Mohammad Taghi Beigmohammadi, Sama Bitarafan, Azin Hoseindokht, Alireza Abdollahi, Laya Amoozadeh, Maedeh Mahmoodi Ali Abadi & Morteza Foroumandi - Trials (6 Jul. 2020):

“This study will evaluate the main hypothesis that supplementation with vitamins A, B, C, D, and E significantly improves the severity and mortality rate in ICU patients with COVID-19 [...] This study is a randomized, single-blinded, two-arm (1:1 ratio) parallel group clinical trial [...] We are conducting this study in patients with COVID-19 admitted to intensive care units at the Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex in Tehran, Iran.”

Effects of Micronutrients or Conditional Amino Acids on COVID-19-Related Outcomes: An Evidence Analysis Center Scoping Review - Mary Rozga, Feon W. Cheng, Lisa Moloney & Deepa Handu - Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (2020):

“In 3 studies, the authors reported a potential benefit of the intervention on outcomes: intramuscular cholecalciferol on mortality, 19 intramuscular vitamin E on Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation score in patients with ARDS and zinc sulfate on the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia in ventilated patients in intensive care units.”

Enhancing Immunity in Viral Infections, with Special Emphasis on COVID-19: A Review - Ranil Jayawardena, Piumika Sooriyaarachchi, Michail Chourdakis, Chandima Jeewandara & Priyanga Ranasinghe - Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome (Jul-Aug. 2020):

“As evident from the studies described above, micronutrient deficiency suppresses immune functions by affecting the T-cell-mediated immune response and adaptive antibody response, and leads to dysregulation of the balanced host response. Selected vitamins and trace elements support immune function by strengthening epithelial barriers and cellular and humoral immune responses. Supplementations with various combinations of trace-elements and vitamins have shown beneficial effects on the antiviral immune response.”

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To learn more about Ingredient #2 (Vitamin B) - and the 51 other dietary ingredients identified as exhibiting anti-viral and/or immune-enhancing properties - obtain a copy of the full report of AVD: The Anti-Viral Diet by pressing the button below:

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Earlier Scientific Evidence re: Vitamin B

Anti-Viral / Immune Supportive Research

Role of the B Vitamins in the Immune Response - A.E. Axelrod - Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology (1981).

Vitamin B6 and Immune Competence - Laura C. Rail & Simin Nikbin Meydani - Nutrition Reviews (Aug. 1993):

“Animal and human studies suggest that vitamin B6 deficiency affects both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. Lymphocyte differentiation and maturation are altered by deficiency, delayed-type hypersensitivity responses are reduced, and antibody production may be indirectly impaired. Although repletion of the vitamin restores these functions, megadoses do not produce benefits beyond those observed with moderate supplementation.”

The Effects of Vitamin E, Vitamin B6, and Vitamin B12 on Immune Function - Raina Gay & Simin Nikbin Meydani - Nutrition in Clinical Care (1 Mar. 2002).

Vitamin B6 Supplementation increases Immune Responses in Critically Ill Patients - C.H. Cheng, S.J. Chang, B.J. Lee, K.L. Lin & Y.C. Huang - European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (3 May 2006).

Effects of Cyanocobalamin on Immunity in Patients with Pernicious Anemia - Mehmet Ali Erkurt, Ismet Aydogdu, Mustafa Dikilitaş, Irfan Kuku, Emin Kaya, Nihayet Bayraktar, Onur Ozhan, Ibrahim Ozkan & Ahmet Sönmez - Medical Principles and Practice (28 Oct. 2006).

Vitamin B12 Supplementation improves Rates of Sustained Viral Response in Patients Chronically Infected with Hepatitis C Virus [Randomized Controlled Trial] - Alba Rocco, Debora Compare, Pietro Coccoli, Ciro Esposito, Antimo Di Spirito, Antonio Barbato, Pasquale Strazzullo & Gerardo Nardone - Gut (May 2012).

Vitamin B12: Could It Be a Promising Immunotherapy? - Tatina T. Todorova, Neli Ermenlieva & Gabriela Tsankova - from Immunotherapy: Myths, Reality, Ideas, Future (2017):

“Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble vitamin and an important micronutrient with critical role in DNA, protein, and lipid synthesis. It is responsible for one-carbon metabolism and cell division of nervous and hematopoietic cells. Among its various functions, the role as immunomodulator in cellular immunity, especially in elevating the number of CD8+ cells and NK cells, attracts scientific interest.”

The Effects of Vitamin B on the Immune/Cytokine Network and their Involvement in Depression - Kathleen Mikkelsen, Lily Stojanovska, Monica Prakash & Vasso Apostolopoulos - Maturitas (1 Feb. 2017).

Vitamin B6 - Micronutrient Information Center - Linus Pauling Institute [part of Oregon State University] (Up-to-date 2020).

Bibliographic Research Information provided courtesy of The Academy of the Third Millennium (A3M) 2020